Indo-European
- Germanic
- West Germanic: English, German, Dutch
- North Germanic: Danish, Swedish, Norwegian
- Romance
- Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian
- Slavic
- East Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian
- West Slavic: Polish, Czech, Slovak
- South Slavic: Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian
Sino-Tibetan
- Sinitic
- Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka
- Tibeto-Burman
- Burmese, Tibetan
Afro-Asiatic
- Semitic
- Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic
- Berber
- Tuareg, Kabyle
- Cushitic
- Somali, Oromo
Niger-Congo
- Bantu
- Swahili, Zulu, Shona
- Mande
- Mandinka, Bambara
Austronesian
- Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian, Tagalog, Malagasy